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There Is More Than One Way
to Choose A Birthstone
Article by:
Sandra I. Smith © 1996
"My birthstone
is emerald," a potential customer recently told me. "But I don't
like green," she continued, "so I never buy gemstones."
Do we, and our customers, have choices when it comes to selecting a birthstone? What
can we do when we don't like or can't afford the gemstone assigned to our month of
birth? What should we suggest to our customers when they ask for help in selecting
the "right" birthstone?
A standard list of acceptable birthstones is used today, but those gemstones were
arbitrarily selected many years ago. I did some research and learned that there is
more than one way to choose a birthstone.
People originally
chose which gemstone to wear based on its color and the magical or healing powers
associated with that color. The color green, for instance, was associated with spring.
Spring and green symbolized faith and fertility. Emerald then became one of the green
stones representing spring, a time of birth. Because of the meanings attached to
green, people began using emeralds to help lessen the pains of childbirth. (Gemstones
for the other seasons are ruby for Summer, sapphire for Autumn, and diamond for Winter.)
Gemstone folklore later came from legends and mythology. An example of this was the
perception that amethyst prevented drunkenness. That belief started with a Greek
myth about the wine god, Bacchus. Amethyst was a beautiful and innocent young woman
condemned to die by Bacchus. The goddess Diana turned Amethyst into a white crystal
to protect her from Bacchus. Bacchus poured wine on the crystal, staining it purple.
About 1300 B.C. some gemstones acquired religious significance. In Exodus 28:17-21,
specific gemstones were associated with each of the twelve tribes of Israel. People
of Jewish heritage may choose their birthstones based on their tribal names. Historians
have complied several lists of which stone goes with each name. The lists vary, according
to how each researcher interprets the ancient names. Paul E. Desautels, author of
The Gem Kingdom, offers the following list, which
uses modern gemstone names:
| Tribe |
Gemstone |
| Reuben |
Carnelian |
| Simeon |
Peridot |
| Levi |
Emerald |
| Judah |
Garnet |
| Issachar |
Lapis lazuli |
| Zebulun |
Rock crystal |
| Joseph |
Zircon* |
| Benjamin |
Agate |
| Dan |
Amethyst |
| Naphtali |
Citrine |
| Gad |
Onyx |
| Assher |
Jasper |
Long before the modern twelve-month calendar
was developed, astrologers transferred the early religious symbolism of gemstones
to the twelve signs of the zodiac. The gemstone associated with each zodiacal sign
has varied through the centuries. For example, diamond was assigned to Libra by the
Babylonians, to Cancer by the Greeks, and to Aries by the Byzantines. The modern
list is as follows:
| Capricorn |
Ruby |
| Aquarius |
Garnet |
| Pisces |
Amethyst |
| Aries |
Bloodstone (Jasper) |
| Taurus |
Sapphire |
| Gemini |
Agate |
| Cancer |
Emerald |
| Leo |
Onyx |
| Virgo |
Carnelian |
| Libra |
Chrysolite (Peridot) |
| Scorpio |
Aquamarine |
| Sagittarius |
Topaz |
Christianity later influenced
the symbolism of gemstones. George Kunz, in his book The Curious Lore of Precious
Stones, says specific gemstones were also associated with the twelve guardian angels
and the twelve apostles. He offers the following lists.
| Month |
Angel |
Gemstone |
Apostle |
Gemstone |
| January |
Gabriel |
Onyx |
Simon Peter |
Jasper |
| February |
Barchiel |
Jasper |
Andrew |
Ruby |
| March |
Malchediel |
Ruby |
James/John |
Emerald |
| April |
Ashmodei |
Topaz |
Philip |
Carnelian |
| May |
Amriel |
Ruby |
Bartholomew |
Peridot |
| June |
Muriel |
Emerald |
Thomas |
Aquamarine |
| July |
Verchiel |
Sapphire |
Matthew |
Topaz |
| August |
Hamatiel |
Diamond |
James |
Sardonyx |
| September |
Tsuriel |
Zircon* |
Thaddeus |
Chrysoprase |
| October |
Bariel |
Agate |
Simon |
Zircon* |
| November |
Adnachiel |
Amethyst |
Matthias |
Amethyst |
| December |
Humiel |
Aquamarine |
Paul |
Sapphire |
Other authors have
compiled their own lists. There is currently a set of guardian angels on the market
that have "birthstones" mounted in them. The manufacturers of the angels
used the modern list of birthstone colors (given later in this article) rather than
any historic or traditional list.
Kunz also says that birthstones may be selected based on the day of birth, as follows:
| Sunday |
Topaz |
| Monday |
Pearl |
| Tuesday |
Ruby |
| Wednesday |
Amethyst |
| Thursday |
Sapphire |
| Friday |
Carnelian |
| Saturday |
Turquoise |
By the 18th century,
gemstones were associated with specific months. Europeans, beginning in Poland, wore
each month's stone during that month. This meant that each person had to own twelve
gemstones. Later, they began wearing only the gem representing the month of their
birth. That tradition continues today.
The stones associated with each month have varied for several reasons. Gemstones
were first named according to their colors. For example, all red stones, including
garnets and rubies, were called carbuncles. Red was the color for January, so people
born in January wore their choice of carbuncle as birthstones.
A second reason for variety was the fact that people in each country chose birthstones
that differed from those selected in other countries. As the idea of wearing birthstones
became more popular, people began selecting less-expensive alternative gemstones,
leading to more diversity.
In 1912, the National Association of Jewelers adopted the standardized list that
is widely used today.
| January |
Garnet |
| February |
Amethyst |
| March |
Aquamarine, Bloodstone |
| April |
Diamond |
| May |
Emerald |
| June |
Pearl, Alexandrite, Moonstone |
| July |
Ruby |
| August |
Peridot, Sardonyx |
| September |
Sapphire |
| October |
Opal, Tourmaline |
| November |
Topaz |
| December |
Turquoise, Zircon* |
* Zircon is not the same as
cubic zirconia, which is a synthetic stone.
Imitation gemstones may be chosen based on the birthstone colors as follows:
| January |
Dark Red |
| February |
Purple |
| March |
Pale Blue |
| April |
White (Clear) |
| May |
Bright Green |
| June |
Cream |
| July |
Red |
| August |
Pale Green |
| September |
Deep Blue |
| October |
Variegated |
| November |
Yellow |
| December |
Sky Blue |
Help your customers choose
the "right" birthstone, by explaining that they have more choices than
the month of their birth. They can select birthstones according to their zodiacal
sign, the day of the week or season of the year in which they were born, or by religious
affiliation. There is more than one way to choose a birthstone!
Copyright © 1996, Sandra I. Smith
/ Ganoksin Jewelry Co.,Ltd.
Author: Dr.
Aspler
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